A brief history
RSV has long been recognised as an important cause of breathing illness in babies as well as older adults. England's national vaccination programme began in September 2024, using vaccination during pregnancy to help protect infants and a separate programme for older adults.
How does it spread?
The virus spreads through respiratory secretions, close contact and contaminated hands or surfaces. Infection is common in childhood and can happen again throughout life. Hand hygiene and avoiding close contact while unwell can help protect vulnerable people.
Symptoms and possible complications
RSV often causes a runny nose and cough. In babies it can progress to bronchiolitis or pneumonia, with rapid breathing, difficulty feeding or pauses in breathing. Older adults and people with underlying conditions can also develop serious lower respiratory illness. Severe breathing difficulty or a baby having pauses in breathing needs emergency care.
Where it may be relevant
- Pregnant people during the recommended gestational window
- Older adults within current programme criteria
- People seeking advice based on age and medical risk
Dose schedules
The clinician will select the appropriate licensed schedule after reviewing age, health, previous doses and departure date.
Single dose
Eligible pregnancy or older-adult programme
Eligibility and timing depend on the current programme and product.
Who may be eligible
- People meeting current maternal or older-adult recommendations
- Anyone for whom the selected product is licensed and clinically appropriate
Who may not be eligible
- Anyone with a confirmed severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or a vaccine ingredient
- People who are acutely unwell with a significant fever may need vaccination deferred
- Pregnancy, breastfeeding, immune suppression and current medicines must be reviewed individually
Potential side effects
- Pain, redness or swelling where the injection is given
- Headache, tiredness, muscle aches or a mild fever
- Feeling faint around the time of vaccination
Important risks and precautions
- A severe allergic reaction is very rare and requires urgent treatment
- Protection is not absolute, so relevant food, water, bite or exposure precautions remain important
- The exact product and schedule must be confirmed during a clinical assessment
Clinical references