A brief history
Tick-borne encephalitis has become a growing public health concern in Europe as recognised risk areas have expanded over recent decades. Related virus subtypes occur across parts of Europe and Asia, so risk depends on the location and outdoor exposure rather than the country name alone.
How does it spread?
The virus usually spreads through bites from infected ticks. Woodland, grass and undergrowth can bring walkers, campers and outdoor workers into contact with them. Less commonly, infection follows consumption of unpasteurised dairy products from infected animals. Protective clothing, repellent and avoiding unpasteurised milk help reduce exposure.
Symptoms and possible complications
Illness may begin with fever, headache, muscle aches and tiredness. Some people improve before a second phase involving meningitis or encephalitis. This can cause confusion, movement problems and lasting neurological disability; severe cases can be fatal. The vaccine targets TBE and does not protect against every tick-borne infection.
Where it may be relevant
- Walking, camping, forestry or outdoor work in affected parts of Europe and Asia
- Travel during tick season in rural, wooded or grassy areas
- Long stays or repeated visits where tick exposure is likely
Dose schedules
The clinician will select the appropriate licensed schedule after reviewing age, health, previous doses and departure date.
Standard primary course
Adults and children
Rapid options
Product- and age-dependent
The exact accelerated schedule depends on the vaccine supplied.
Who may be eligible
- Adults and children from the selected product's licensed age with meaningful exposure
- People needing a booster because risk continues
Who may not be eligible
- Anyone with a confirmed severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or a vaccine ingredient
- People who are acutely unwell with a significant fever may need vaccination deferred
- Pregnancy, breastfeeding, immune suppression and current medicines must be reviewed individually
Potential side effects
- Pain, redness or swelling where the injection is given
- Headache, tiredness, muscle aches or a mild fever
- Feeling faint around the time of vaccination
Important risks and precautions
- A severe allergic reaction is very rare and requires urgent treatment
- Protection is not absolute, so relevant food, water, bite or exposure precautions remain important
- The exact product and schedule must be confirmed during a clinical assessment
Clinical references